include

(verbs)

Found 11 stronger alternatives to upgrade your writing.

contain

Have inside (physical)

T1

Nuance: Holds within

Best for physical things inside something.

Boring

The backpack includes three notebooks.

Better

The backpack contains three notebooks.

cover

Teach/deal with a topic

T1

Nuance: Scope of content

Great school word for what will be on a test.

Boring

The test includes Chapter 1 and Chapter 2.

Better

The test covers Chapter 1 and Chapter 2.

incorporate

Add in as part of a whole

T2

Nuance: Blended in

Sounds more academic than include.

Boring

We included facts from two sources in our report.

Better

We incorporated facts from two sources into our report.

involve

Require as a necessary part

T2

Nuance: Necessary part

Use when something is required/part of it.

Boring

Playing soccer includes a lot of running.

Better

Playing soccer involves a lot of running.

feature

Have as a highlight

T2

Nuance: Spotlighted

Use when something is a special highlight.

Boring

The movie includes a famous actor in a key role.

Better

The movie features a famous actor in a key role.

consist of

Be made of (parts)

T2

Nuance: Made up of

Good for ingredients/parts that make up a whole.

Boring

Our lunch includes soup and salad.

Better

Our lunch consists of soup and salad.

comprise

Be made up of (formal)

T3

Nuance: Whole/part relationship

Formal; good for essays and reports.

Boring

The committee includes five members.

Better

The committee comprises five members.

encompass

Cover a wide range (formal)

T3

Nuance: Broad coverage

Use when it covers a big range.

Boring

The survey includes students from every grade.

Better

The survey encompasses students from every grade.

entail

Involve as a consequence/requirement

T3

Nuance: Requirement or consequence

Formal; often used for duties/requirements.

Boring

The job includes working on weekends.

Better

The job entails working on weekends.

embrace

Welcome/include willingly

T3

Nuance: Welcoming

Often positive; suggests welcoming.

Boring

Our club includes students from all backgrounds.

Better

Our club embraces students from all backgrounds.

number

Total (count)

T3

Nuance: Amounted to

Formal/counting tone (often past tense).

Boring

The crowd included over 500 people.

Better

The crowd numbered over 500 people.